Status-Q

The project I'm currently involved in at the University Computer Lab is investigating how we can make use of some of the lab's computer vision and human interface expertise to improve the experience for car drivers. This is being done in conjunction with Jaguar LandRover, and we've been equipping a Discovery with several cameras, some looking at the driver and passengers, some at the surroundings.

We can also record various bits of other telemetry from the car's internal CAN network, and some of the cameras are synchronised to this, but not all of them.

My knowledge of computer vision techniques is about a quarter of a century out of date, so as part of a learning experiment today I was thinking about ways of automatically synchronising the video to the data. The two graphs below show the first minute and a half of a recording, starting with the stationary car moving off and going through a couple of turns. This isn't how we'll eventually do it, but it was a fun programming experiment!

This first plot shows the angle of the steering wheel, as recorded by the car's own sensors.

This second plot shows the average horizontal component of optical flow seen by one of the front-facing cameras: in essence, it's working out whether more of the pixels in the view that the driver sees are moving left or right.

I'm quite pleased that these two completely independent sources of data show such a nice correlation. Optical flow is, however, pretty time-consuming to calculate, so I only got through the first 90 seconds or so of video before it was time for dinner.

Fun stuff, though...

I thought this BBC post by William Kremer presented a pretty balanced view about dietary gluten. Here's a quick summary for people like me who knew nothing about this:

• As a general rule, avoiding gluten is a bad idea because we get valuable vitamins and fibres from it that you would then have to supplement in some other way.
• A little under 1% of people, however, suffer from coeliac disease which gives them serious gluten intolerance, and the increasing availability of gluten-free foods is very valuable for them.
• There is a larger group of people who may have some gluten sensitivity, perhaps as high as 6%, and can benefit from reducing or avoiding it. This is hard to test for, and its existence is somewhat debated, but double-blinded trials with placebos suggest that it isn't completely imaginary.
• Nearly 30% of Americans, however, feel that they ought to try and avoid gluten in their diet. This is a recent trend.
• If you replace gluten-containing foods - e.g. baked goods - with gluten-free alternatives, you will often be worse off because they tend to be more calorific. You can lose weight, however, by replacing them with fruit and vegetables.

John's recent column about self-driving cars made me ponder some of the conversations I've had about them recently.

I'm a huge fan of the idea, because I think it will transform society in ways we can only begin to imagine, and most of these will be highly beneficial. To those friends kind enough to humour me, I can enthuse for ages about decluttering the narrow residential streets of Cambridge, currently filled with empty, parked, individually-owned cars; or about the joys of rural living when you can read a good book, enjoy breakfast, or even sleep during your commute; about not having to share the roads with heavy goods vehicles, since they'll mostly be cruising to their destinations in the small hours of the morning...

My favourite dream, though, is that of owning a self-driving motorhome. One evening, not too far off, I'll use an iPhone app to summon it from its out-of-town parking space, and when it pulls up outside, Rose, Tilly and I will climb aboard with a good movie and a bottle of wine, and I'll say, "Chamonix, please!", before settling down for the evening. The following morning, I'll take the dog for a walk in the Alps. Oh, and if a large vehicle will be a bit too cumbersome for exploring the winding roads of Haute-Savoie once we get there, I'll just tell my car to follow us.

Now, when it comes to these 'autonomous vehicles', there are plenty of naysayers around. There are those who are concerned that cars will have to make ethical decisions in the face of potential accidents, and may not always make the right ones. Conspiracy theorists talk about young or high-net-worth individuals being spared while elderly or impoverished pedestrians are sacrificed. Others fear that a car swerving to miss a dog will hit a human, and so forth. It's not, however, clear to me that human drivers, often with less information available in that split second, will necessarily do any better, especially if they are drunk, elderly, tired, distracted or short-sighted. Many of the objections are often really variations on Phillipa Foot's classic Trolley Problem, which has been debated for many decades without any machines being involved.

It does seem clear, however, that road safety overall will be improved greatly by this technology, so unless things are sidetracked by expensive and complicated litigation in individual cases -- a real danger -- the lower insurance premiums associated with self-driving cars may eventually pay for their wide deployment. In fact, I expect that driving your own car will eventually be something only the rich can afford to do.

So I'm somewhat bemused when I see articles stating, for example, "The autonomous Google car may never actually happen". Such headlines are, of course, mostly just link-bait, but it seems to me self-evident that autonomous vehicles will eventually not just 'happen', but will be the norm, and we'll look back with astonishment at the time when two fallible humans were allowed to hurtle these deadly missiles in opposing directions within a few feet of each other.

Self-driving cars will come eventually. The question is simply how long it will take us to get there, and how many political and legal potholes they have to dodge en route. I, for one, can't wait: I'll be buying an autonomous vehicle just as soon as somebody makes one I can afford. Even if it isn't a motorhome.

My friend Jade, helping me walk Tilly this afternoon.

There seem to have been a few reports of people being struck by lightning recently - this recent tragedy in the Brecon Beacons being one example.

So what should you do if you find yourself at risk? My first thought would be to get close to something taller and more conductive than me. But this site suggests it's a bad idea - being close to a strike can be almost as dangerous as being hit. They also recommend sitting on your rucksack, to insulate you from the ground, which I guess is fine as long as there hasn't been any rain recently.

On a cheerier note, I saw some reports last week about a man who had been struck twice in his life, and survived both. This was pretty unusual in itself, but the focus of many of the articles seemed to be his name: Rod.

Photo: Kent Porter. Thanks to Jo for the link to the mountain safety site.

Many thanks to Richard Mortier for pointing me at a great Tumblr blog: We Put A Chip in It!. Their tagline: "It was just a dumb thing. Then we put a chip in it. Now it's a smart thing"

It's full of videos which are most amusing. Some of them intentionally...

One of the websites I most enjoy browsing, perhaps because it's really rather different from most of my other reading, is Colossal.

Dedicated to 'Art, Design, and Visual Culture', it's somewhere you can always find striking images. Here are some of my recent favourites - click on them to go to the relevant articles and find out what they're all about...

I've never yet paid for a streaming music service. I greatly enjoy music, but seldom listen to much these days, and when I do, it's generally in the car, where such services are normally of limited use. At home, I can't really listen to music and get any work done at the same time, though I sometimes try to persuade myself otherwise. And when I'm not working, I'm more likely to be listening to podcasts or audiobooks.

Also, the typical subscription for such services costs about the same as buying a track every 3 days, which is probably more than I typically spend, and if I did, I would then own the music indefinitely and not just for as long as I kept paying. So Spotify, Last.fm and all the others have not, so far, been for me, any more than Office 365 or Adobe Creative Cloud.

But the chance to play with Apple Music during its three-month free trial has persuaded me that I might be tempted to change my mind, and not just to get more access to Sting, Paul Simon or the Wailin' Jennys, nice though that is. No, what I've been enjoying this weekend are the classical playlists, which I can enjoy while working, or at least while writing blog posts. This comes to you from my sofa, accompanied by some delightful Chopin, which sounds rather good played from my laptop via some AirPlay jiggery-pokery to my Sonos amp and KEF speakers.

This makes a bit more sense to me, because if I hear a song I like on the radio, I'm likely to pay the 99p or so to own the definitive version, but if I hear a Schubert sonata, how many albums will I need to purchase to find out whether I prefer the interpretation from Barenboim, Brendel, Paul Lewis or one of the dozens of other options?

I seldom listen to classical music in the car - I think you need a quieter car than mine for that to work well - but a streaming service might persuade me to listen to rather more at home.

Some of you may know that, alongside my normal consultancy business, I spend one day a week in the University Computer Lab for a change of scene. I've been doing this for a couple of years now, working on Frank Stajano's Pico project, which is trying to create a better replacement for passwords, as the normal way to authenticate yourself to digital systems.

One of my roles in the project has been cameraman/video editor. Last year we produced the original video describing the project:

and just last month we did an update, which describes in more detail how the current phone-based prototype works underneath.

It's been a fun couple of years - as well as the videos, we've produced a lot of code, we've written some papers and some blog posts, given some talks, and had quite a lot of fun at times.

But I felt it was time for a change, so I've recently moved to a new project, which is in the so-called Rainbow group - somewhat nostalgic for me, because it's where I did my Ph.D. about 20 years ago.

In this group, we're looking at how we can improve the ways cars communicate with drivers, and, while the only web page about the project is somewhat limited at present, no doubt this will change over time...

Should be fun... more info in due course.

I tend to post quick links to Twitter (from where they're cross-posted to Facebook), but I know from long experience that if you want to keep a record of anything and have some chance of finding it again in future, you need to keep it yourself.

So here are a few interesting things from the past week:

• TheConversation is a news-analysis and opinion site where the authors are academics. Their tagline: 'Academic rigour, journalistic flair'. If you want serendipitous news discovery with intelligent writing, but old media just isn't doing it for you, this may be worth a try.

• Old URLs don't die, they just get reincarnated. Beware of letting your old DNS domains lapse, especially if they live on in a tangible form.

• This map of the Granta Backbone Network will interest any Cambridge people wondering how the university networks connect together.

The Wolfson@50 talks continue to be interesting and informative. Andy Herbert brought his mobile computer, an Elliot 903, to his talk on Wednesday.

While he set it up, John recorded the event on his more powerful one.